Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the pathogen that causes tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that can affect all tissues and organs of the body, but lung infections are the most common. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is more common because there is no normal flora in the alveoli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be inhaled through droplet microdroplets or dust-containing bacteria. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is usually caused by inhalation of tuberculosis bacteria fro

Rickettsia typhi is a small, aerobic, obligate intracellular, rod shaped gram negative bacterium. It belongs to the typhus group of the Rickettsia genus, along with R. prowazekii. As with all rickettsial organisms, R. typhi is a zoonotic agent that causes the disease murine typhus, displaying non-specific mild symptoms of fevers, headaches, pains and rashes. There are two cycles of R. typhi transmission from animal reservoirs containing R. typhi to humans: a classic rat-flea-rat cycle that is

Francisella tularensis is a pathogenic species of Gram-negative coccobacillus, an aerobic bacterium. It is nonspore-forming, nonmotile, and the causative agent of tularemia, the pneumonic form of which is often lethal without treatment. It is a fastidious, facultative intracellular bacterium, which requires cysteine for growth. Due to its low infectious dose, ease of spread by aerosol, and high virulence, F. tularensis is classified as a Tier 1 Select Agent by the U.S. government. When found i

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen, and is the causative agent of Q fever. C. burnetii is a small Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium that is highly resistant to environmental stresses such as high temperature, osmotic pressure, and ultraviolet light. These characteristics are attributed to a small cell variant form of the organism that is part of a biphasic developmental cycle, including a more metabolically and replicatively active large cell variant form.

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is a bacterial species of the spirochete class in the genus Borrelia, and is one of the causative agents of Lyme disease in humans. Along with a few similar genospecies, some of which also cause Lyme disease, it makes up the species complex of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. The complex currently comprises 20 accepted and 3 proposed genospecies. B. burgdorferi sensu stricto exists in North America and Eurasia and until 2016 was the only known cause of Lyme d

Bartonella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. It is the only genus in the family Bartonellaceae. Facultative intracellular parasites, Bartonella species can infect healthy people but are considered especially important as opportunistic pathogens. Bartonella species are transmitted by vectors such as ticks, fleas, sand flies, and mosquitoes. At least eight Bartonella species or subspecies are known to infect humans. The BioPerfectus Bartonella Real Time PCR Kit is an in vitro diagnostic t

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate gram-negative, intracellular bacterium that causes an acute febrile illness known as anaplasmosis or human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). The organism is genetically related to rickettsia and is transmitted by Ixodes scapularis in the northeast United States and by Ixodes pacificus in California. The vector also transmits other organisms responsible for diseases such as Lyme, babesiosis, ehrlichioses and Powassan encephalitis. Anaplasmosis was formerl

Rotavirus has a characteristic wheel-like appearance. The name rotavirus is derived from the Latin word rota, meaning wheel. Rotaviruses are non-enveloped, possess a triple-layered capsid, and have a segmented RNA genome. The virus is stable in the environment. Rotavirus spreads easily among infants and young children. The virus can cause severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. Children who get rotavirus disease can become dehydrated and may need to be hospitalized. The

Salmonella is a kind of Gram-negative intestinal bacteria which is widely distributed in nature and can cause disease to people and animals and has a great harm. The bacteria consists of 5 subgenera, serotypes are more complex, so far more than 2200 have been found, the common salmonella typhimurium, salmonella cholerae, salmonella enteritis, can cause human gastroenteritis, typhoid fever, sepsis and other symptoms. Shigella is a group of highly infectious Gram-negative intestinal pathogens, c

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute infectious disease caused by enteroviruses. It is most common in preschoolers, especially those under three years old. It is mainly transmitted through close contact with the infected and subclinically infected individuals and gets into the body through the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. The most common symptoms of the disease include macules, papules and herpes on hands, feet, and mouth. A small number of patients may suffer from m