Rabies virus belongs to the order Mononegavirales, viruses with a nonsegmented, negative-stranded RNA genome. Itis a vaccine-preventable, zoonotic, viral disease affecting the central nervous system. Once clinical symptoms appear, rabies is virtually 100% fatal. Dogs are the main source of human rabies deaths, contributing up to 99% of all rabies transmissions to humans. Rabies can be prevented through the vaccination of dogs and the prevention of dog bites. It spreads to people and animals

Brucellosis, also known as Mediterranean relaxation fever, Maltese fever or wave fever, is commonly known as lazy man's disease.It is a bacterial disease caused by variousBrucellaspecies, which mainly infect cattle, swine, goats, sheep and dogs. Humans generally acquire the disease through direct contact with infected animals, by eating or drinking contaminated animal products or by inhaling airborne agents. Brucellosis is found globally and is a reportable disease in most countries. It aff

Anthrax is a rare but serious infectious disease caused by bacteria known asBacillus anthracis. Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium that causes anthrax, a deadly disease to livestock and, occasionally, to humans. It is the only permanent pathogen within the genus Bacillus. Humans generally acquire the disease directly or indirectly from infected animals, or through occupational exposure to infected or contaminated animal products. Worldwide, the estimated incidenc

Avian influenza A(H7N9) is a subtype of influenza viruses detected in birds in the past.This particular A(H7N9) virus had not previously been seen in either animals or people until it was found in March 2013 in China, which caused severe respiratory disease in more than 400 humans, of whom more than 100 died. Animal influenza viruses are distinct from human seasonal influenza viruses and do not easily transmit between humans. However, zoonotic influenza viruses - animal influenza viruses t

There are four types of influenza (flu) viruses:A, B, C and D. Wild aquatic birds, including gulls, terns, and shorebirds, and wild waterfowl, such as ducks, geese and swans are considered reservoirs (hosts) for avian influenza A viruses. Avian influenza A viruses are classified into the following two categories: low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) A viruses, and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A viruses. Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses cause severe disease and high

Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis, a zoonotic bacteria, usually found in small mammals and their fleas. It is transmitted between animals through fleas.Plague is a very severe disease in people, particularly in its septicaemic and pneumonic forms, with a case-fatality ratio of 30% to 100% if left untreated. People infected with the plague usually develop acute febrile disease with other non-specific systemic symptoms after an incubation period of one to

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a member of thePhlebovirusgenus. It is a viral zoonosis that primarily affects animals but can also infect humans. Outbreaks of RVF can have major societal impacts, including significant economic losses and trade reductions. The disease most commonly affects livestock, causing severe illness and abortion in domesticated animals, an important income source for many. The majority of human infections result from direct or indirect contact with the blood or organs of

Nipah virus(NiV) is a member of the familyParamyxoviridae, genusHenipavirus. Itis a zoonotic virus and can also be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people. Human infections range from asymptomatic infection to acute respiratory infection (mild, severe) and fatal encephalitis. The incubation period (interval from infection to the onset of symptoms) is believed to range from 4 to 14 days. However, an incubation period of as long as 45 days has been reported. The case

Lassa fever virus is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the virus family Arenaviridae. It is a zoonotic and acute viral illnessspread by the common African rat. First discovered in 1969 in Lassa, Nigeria, it caused two missionary nurses died. About 80% of people infected with Lassa virus have no symptoms. The incubation period of Lassa fever ranges from 621 days. When it is symptomatic,it is usually gradual, starting with fever, general weakness, and malaise.Death usually occurs withi

H5N2 is a subtype of the species Influenzavirus A, which is further classified by subtype on the basis of the two main surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). The subtype H5N2 infects a wide variety of birds, including chickens, ducks, turkeys, falcons, and ostriches. Outbreaks of "high-path" H5N2 result in the culling of thousands of birds in poultry farms from time to time. It appears that people who work with birds can be infected by the virus but suffer hardly a