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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a flavivirus related to dengue, yellow fever and West Nile viruses, and is spread by mosquitoes. JEV is the main cause of viral encephalitis in many countries of Asia with an estimated 68 000 clinical cases every year. Although symptomatic Japanese encephalitis (JE) is rare, the case-fatality rate among those with encephalitis can be as high as 30%. Permanent neurologic or psychiatric sequelae can occur in 30%50% of those with encephalitis. 24 countries in

Hendra virus (HeV) is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae and one of two virus species in the genus Henipavirus (the other being Nipah virus). Transmission of Hendra virus to humans can occur after exposure to body fluids and tissues or excretions of horses infected with Hendra virus. After an incubation of 9-16 days, infection with Hendra virus can lead to respiratory illness with severe flu-like signs and symptoms. Although infection with Hendra virus is rare, the case fatality is hig

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a group of clinically similar illnesses caused by hantaviruses from the family Bunyaviridae. HFRS includes Korean hemorrhagic fever, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, and nephropathia epidemica. The viruses that cause HFRS include Hantaan, Dobrava, Saaremaa,Seoul, and Puumala. Hantaviruses are carried and transmitted by rodents.Symptoms of HFRS usually develop within 1 to 2 weeks after exposure to infectious material. Initial symptoms begin suddenly

Toscana virus is an arthropod-borne virus transmitted by sand flies in Mediterranean countries. Toscana virus infection commonly occurs during the warm season although there are important variations in risk exposure as assessed by seroprevalence rates ranging from 1% to 45% in human populations. In southwestern Europe, Toscana virus infection accounts for the most frequent cause of aseptic meningitis, together with enteroviruses and herpesviruses. Mortality is exceptional, but the neuro-inv

Sindbis virus (SINV) is an enveloped RNA virus of the genus Alphavirus in the virus family Togaviridae. Sindbis virus is related to Chikungunya alphavirus. Sindbis virus was first isolated from Culex mosquitoes in 1952 in the Nile river delta in Egypt. The first human cases were described in Uganda in 1961, South Africa in 1963, and Australia in 1967. The virus was subsequently acknowledged as the causative agent of a rash-arthritis syndrome. The clinical disease caused by SINV infection is kn

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging hemorrhagic fever with a high mortality rate in humans, which is caused by a novel bunyavirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), is tick-borne and endemic in Eastern Asia. The BioPerfectus SFTSV Real Time PCR Kit is a real-time PCR research assay for the qualitative analysis of SFTSV RNA in research samples (plasma, serum, whole blood). No cross-reactivity with other pathogens Internal contro

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also called sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or venereal diseases, are contagious infections caused by pathogens (bacteria, virus, parasite) and are characterized by transmission from person to person through sexual activity and intimate contact. Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV), known as herpes, is common globally. It is a STD caused by two types of viruses herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). An

The Leptospira Real Time PCR Kit is an in vitro diagnostic leptospirosis test for the qualitative detection of Leptospira DNA in human whole blood or urine. The assay is intended for professional molecular testing when leptospirosis is considered in the clinical workup. Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. It affects humans and animals and is most commonly found in temperate or tropical climates. Leptospiras are found in a wide variety of animal s

West Nile Virus (WNV) is a member of theflavivirusgenus and belongs to the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex of the familyFlaviviridae. It is commonly found in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, North America, and West Asia. WNV can cause neurological disease and death in people. Human infection is most often the result of bites from infected mosquitoes.Infection with WNV is either asymptomatic (no symptoms) in around 80% of infected people or can lead to West Nile fever or severe West

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widespread disease caused by a tick-borne virus (Nairovirus) of theBunyaviridaefamily. CCHF is endemic in Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East, and Asian countries south of the 50th parallel north the geographical limit of the principal tick vector. The CCHF virus is transmitted to people either by tick bites or through contact with infected animal blood or tissues during and immediately after slaughter. To date, the CCHF virus is considered to